1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3
1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3
1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3
1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3 1734-RTB3
通常機床主軸電動機制動時,采用的是能耗制動方式,使電動機AB相輸入直流電源。
采用能耗制動方式使主軸電動機停止,主軸在低檔位低速旋轉時,大約需要0.5s,在高檔位高速旋轉時,大約需要2.5s。目前,采用的主軸電動機制動方法如圖1所示,先斷開KM1,再閉合開關KM2,從而斷開三相交流電源,接通直流電源,延時2.5s,認定主軸電動機停止旋轉,然后進行換刀或其它動作。
主軸以不同的速度旋轉時,采用能耗制動方式使主軸停止所需要的時間不同,采用同樣的能耗制動時間,延長無意義的加工輔助時間,降低了機床工作效率。另外,一旦開關KM2不能可靠閉合,或者直流電源保險斷開不能正常提供直流電,則主軸電動機只能在摩擦力的作用下減速,制動時間需要很長,但延時2.5s后,機床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)仍然認定主軸電動機已經(jīng)停止旋轉,此時機床進行換刀或其它動作容易造成事故。
因此,我們對機床主軸制動控制方式進行了改進設計,判斷主軸旋轉狀態(tài),不采用延時2.5s,即認定主軸電動機停止旋轉的控制方式,而是實時監(jiān)控主軸旋轉狀態(tài),當主軸旋轉低于一定轉速時,立即發(fā)出主軸停止完了信號。
2 主軸轉速監(jiān)測方案
在電動機的同步傳動軸上安裝一塊條形鐵片,和電動機同步旋轉,由接近開關對其檢測,每轉檢測到兩個脈沖信號,通過對脈沖信號的檢測而得知其轉速。檢測脈沖信號有兩種方案。
第一方案:在一定周期Tp內(nèi)讀取脈沖信號的個數(shù)N,PLC是一種順序控制器,它的程序是由前到后一步一步執(zhí)行,每執(zhí)行完一遍為一個掃描周期,然后從頭開始循環(huán)執(zhí)行。假如程序有2000步,每步執(zhí)行時間周期為30μs,則程序的掃描周期約60ms,掃描頻率約16Hz,能夠準確檢測出的脈沖頻率應低于8Hz,當轉速的脈沖頻率大于16Hz,即轉速n≥480r/min時,PLC受其掃描頻率的影響,不能準確檢測出脈沖的個數(shù),情況不好時,會出現(xiàn)高速時檢測的脈沖個數(shù)很少,誤判為電動機基本停止而進行下面動作,造成事故。此種方案只適用于主軸低速旋轉狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測。
第二種方案:檢測脈沖信號持續(xù)為“0”或“1”的時間T,當n<60r/min時,發(fā)出主軸停止完了信號。由于PLC程序執(zhí)行過程的延時,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)收到主軸停止信號,并執(zhí)行下面動作時,主軸已完全停止旋轉,n=60r/min所對應脈沖信號持續(xù)為“0”或“1”的時間T為0.25s,因此我們把檢測脈沖信號的計時器設定為0.25s。同樣高速時也會出現(xiàn)脈沖測不準的情況,但不管情況多壞,在0.25s的時間內(nèi)“0”或“1”至少變化一次,因此可以準確地判斷主軸是否停止旋轉。此方案可以適用于主軸高速或低速旋轉時主軸制動狀態(tài)的檢測。在實際應用中,我們采用了此方案。
3 PLC實現(xiàn)主軸能耗制動的控制方法
PLC設計程序中,X20.0為轉速脈沖信號的輸入,M05為主軸停止信號,Y50.0為主軸停止完了信號。
兩個計時器TM1、TM2分別判斷X20.0脈沖信號持續(xù)為“0”或“1”的時間是否達到設定的時間,只要有一個時間到達,即R100.1或R100.2變“1”,導致R100.3變“1”,此時M05為“1”,導致Y50.0輸出“1”,則發(fā)出主軸制動完了信號,實現(xiàn)了主軸停止的準確判斷。
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DCS集散式控制系統(tǒng)、PLC可編程控制器、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、
(CPU處理器、模塊、卡件、控制器、伺服驅(qū)動、工作站、驅(qū)動器、
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