LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050 控制器
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LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050 控制器
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LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050 控制器
控制器是自動化系統(tǒng)中不可或缺的組成部分。它通過接收來自傳感器或其他設(shè)備的輸入信號,并根據(jù)預(yù)設(shè)的控制策略或算法,產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的輸出信號,從而實現(xiàn)對被控對象的精確控制??刂破鲝V泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、交通、家居等領(lǐng)域,能夠提高系統(tǒng)的效率和穩(wěn)定性,減少能源浪費,增強(qiáng)安全性和便利性。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展,控制器的智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將成為未來發(fā)展的重要趨勢。控制系統(tǒng)就是控制器,概括地說就是一個系統(tǒng),它將監(jiān)督電機(jī)及電路的運行狀態(tài)等各種有用的信號進(jìn)行采樣及分析,然后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭刂浦噶罨蛘弑Wo(hù)指令。對電動自行車控制器而言,便是將給定的電機(jī)速度信號、轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號及定子的電壓、電流反饋信號轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭刂菩盘柣蛘弑Wo(hù)指令,進(jìn)而監(jiān)督電機(jī)控制電路的運行狀態(tài);采樣及對比分析并將信號轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭刂浦噶?,從而控制電機(jī)的啟動或停止、加速或減速等運行狀態(tài)。
在以單M CU為核心的嵌入式系統(tǒng)中,MCU 的最小系統(tǒng)就是典型的核心構(gòu)件。中間構(gòu)件既有需求接口又有提供接口;而終端構(gòu)件只有需求接口,因此只能接受服務(wù)。利用硬件構(gòu)件進(jìn)行嵌入式系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計之前,必須進(jìn)行硬件構(gòu)件的合理劃分,按照一定規(guī)則,設(shè)計與系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)功能無關(guān)的的構(gòu)建個體,然后進(jìn)行組裝,完成具體系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計。
本設(shè)計選的外接電源是七組串聯(lián)鋰電池,其采用安全系數(shù)高的錳酸鋰電池,經(jīng)過國家法定機(jī)構(gòu)充電放電、短路、跌路、加熱、擠壓、針刺等6大實驗,達(dá)到國家863范圍要求,并采用銅薄膜防爆閥,從根本上解決了鋰電池易爆易燃的問題。這款電池最大輸出電壓為29.6V。為使系統(tǒng)正常工作,需要將電壓轉(zhuǎn)換為15V 和5V。其中15V電源主要用于功率MOS管自舉升壓驅(qū)動電路。5V電源則為MOS管驅(qū)動電路、主控芯片、線性霍爾轉(zhuǎn)把、高低壓剎把及保護(hù)電路模塊提供穩(wěn)定的電源。在電源通往各模塊間,大量使用了二極管來保證控制器的穩(wěn)定性。
過零檢測的及時性和準(zhǔn)確性影響著電機(jī)的運行,當(dāng)過零檢測不準(zhǔn)或著不及時時,則電機(jī)因為缺相而抖動,嚴(yán)重的或造成短時間短路而燒壞控制器。因此在硬件上采用LM339 高速比較器來采樣截至相的感應(yīng)電動勢和總線中點電壓進(jìn)行比較,使用 MCU的輸入捕捉功能來捕捉輸出信號。電動自行車控制器是用來控制電動自行車電機(jī)的啟動、運行、進(jìn)退、速度、停止以及電動自行車的其它電子器件的核心控制器件,它就像是電動自行車的大腦,是電動自行車上重要的部件。電機(jī)控制器是無刷直流電機(jī)正常運行并實現(xiàn)各種調(diào)速控制功能的指揮中心,它主要完成以下任務(wù):對各種輸入信號進(jìn)行邏輯綜合,為驅(qū)動電路提供各種控制信號;產(chǎn)生PWM脈寬調(diào)制信號,實現(xiàn)電機(jī)的調(diào)速;對電機(jī)進(jìn)行速度環(huán)和電流環(huán)調(diào)節(jié),使系統(tǒng)具有較好的動態(tài)和靜態(tài)性能;實現(xiàn)短路、過流、欠壓等一些故障保護(hù)功能。
電動車控制器簡略地講是由周邊器件和主芯片(或單片機(jī))組成。周邊器件是一些功能器件,如執(zhí)行、采樣等,它們是電阻、傳感器、橋式開關(guān)電路,以及輔助單片機(jī)或?qū)S眉呻娐吠瓿煽刂七^程的器件;單片機(jī)也稱微控制器,是在一塊集成片上把存貯器、有變換信號語言的譯碼器、鋸齒波發(fā)生器和脈寬調(diào)制功能電路以及能使開關(guān)電路功率管導(dǎo)通或截上、通過方波控制功率管的的導(dǎo)誦時間以控制電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的驅(qū)動電路、輸入輸出端口等集成在一起,而構(gòu)成的計算機(jī)片。這就是電動自行車的智能控制器電動車的工作原理主要是依靠其控制器來協(xié)調(diào)電機(jī)、電池等其他配件進(jìn)行工作。在電動車的控制器行業(yè),高標(biāo)控制器在市場上占有率始終穩(wěn)居行業(yè)第一。電動車控制器的基本原理是在電池電壓基本恒定的條件下,采用斷續(xù)供電的方法,改變電機(jī)供電電壓的平均值,來控制電機(jī)速度、電流的大小。使得電機(jī)的 運轉(zhuǎn)符合控制要求,目前主要采取的控制方法是 PWM脈寬調(diào)制控制機(jī)理(注:在所需的時間內(nèi),將直流電壓調(diào)制成等幅不等寬的系列電壓脈沖,以達(dá)到控制頻率、電壓、電流的目的)。電動車控制器是借助 PWM 電路來控制電機(jī)輸出功率的,實現(xiàn)開關(guān)調(diào)制作用的是高頻開關(guān)功率器件 MOS 管,用它來做執(zhí)行高頻斬波斷續(xù)供電的開關(guān),從而有效地解決了電機(jī)的速度和電流的操控性。
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LEUZE KSS ET-M12-4A-RJ45-A-P7-050
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