621-0008
1.概述
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,PLC在工業(yè)控制中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。PLC控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性直接影響到工業(yè)企業(yè)的安全生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行,系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力是關(guān)系到整個(gè)系統(tǒng)可靠運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵。自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中所使用的各種類型PLC,有的是集中安裝在控制室,有的是安裝在生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和各電機(jī)設(shè)備上,它們大多處在強(qiáng)電電路和強(qiáng)電設(shè)備所形成的惡劣電磁環(huán)境中。要提高PLC控制系統(tǒng)可靠性,設(shè)計(jì)人員只有預(yù)先了解各種干擾才能有效保證系統(tǒng)可靠運(yùn)行。
2.電磁干擾源及對(duì)系統(tǒng)的干擾是什么?
影響PLC控制系統(tǒng)的干擾源于一般影響工業(yè)控制設(shè)備的干擾源一樣,大都產(chǎn)生在電流或電壓劇烈變化的部位,這些電荷劇烈移動(dòng)的部位就是噪聲源,即干擾源。
干擾類型通常按干擾產(chǎn)生的原因、噪聲的干擾模式和噪聲的波形性質(zhì)的不同劃分。其中:按噪聲產(chǎn)生的原因不同,分為放電噪聲、浪涌噪聲、高頻振蕩噪聲等;按噪聲的波形、性質(zhì)不同,分為持續(xù)噪聲、偶發(fā)噪聲等;按聲音干擾模式不同,分為共模干擾和差模干擾。共模干擾和差模干擾是一種比較常用的分類方法。共模干擾是信號(hào)對(duì)地面的電位差,主要由電網(wǎng)串入、地電位差及空間電磁輻射在信號(hào)線上感應(yīng)的共態(tài)(同方向)電壓送加所形成。共模電壓有時(shí)較大,特別是采用隔離性能差的電器供電室,變送器輸出信號(hào)的共模電壓普遍較高,有的可高達(dá)130V以上。共模電壓通過不對(duì)稱電路可轉(zhuǎn)換成差模電壓,直接影響測(cè)控信號(hào),造成元器件損壞(這就是一些系統(tǒng)I/O模件損壞率較高的原因),這種共模干擾可為直流、亦可為交流。差模干擾是指用于信號(hào)兩極間得干擾電壓,主要由空間電磁場(chǎng)在信號(hào)間耦合感應(yīng)及由不平衡電路轉(zhuǎn)換共模干擾所形成的電壓,這種讓直接疊加在信號(hào)上,直接影響測(cè)量與控制精度。
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