【工控小知識】
PLC控制系統(tǒng)主要抗干擾措施
(1)電源的合理處理,抑制電網(wǎng)引入的干擾對于電源引入的電網(wǎng)干擾可以安裝一臺帶屏蔽層的變比為1:1的隔離變壓器,以減少設(shè)備與地之間的干擾,還可以在電源輸入端串接LC濾波電路。
(2)正確選擇接地點,完善接地系統(tǒng)良好的接地是保證PLC可靠工作的重要條件,可以避免偶然發(fā)生的電壓沖擊危害。接地的目的通常有
兩個,其一為了安全,其二是為了抑制干擾。完善的接地系統(tǒng)是PLC控制系統(tǒng)抗電磁干擾的重要措施之一。
PLC控制系統(tǒng)的地線包括系統(tǒng)地、屏蔽地、交流地和保護地等。接地系統(tǒng)混亂對PLC系統(tǒng)的干擾主要是各個接地點電位分布不均,不同接地點間存在地電位差,引起地環(huán)路電流,影響系統(tǒng)正常工作。例如電纜屏蔽層必須一點接地,如果電纜屏蔽層兩端A,B都接地,就存在地電位差,有電流流過屏蔽層,當(dāng)發(fā)生異常狀態(tài)如雷擊時,地線電流將更大。
此外,屏蔽層、接地線和大地有可能構(gòu)成閉合環(huán)路,在變化磁場的作用下,屏蔽層內(nèi)又會出現(xiàn)感應(yīng)電流,通過屏蔽層與芯線之間的耦合,干擾信號回路。若系統(tǒng)地與其他接地處理混亂,所產(chǎn)生的地環(huán)流就可能在地線上產(chǎn)生不等電位分布,影響PLC內(nèi)邏輯電路和模擬電路的正常工作。PLC工作的邏輯電壓干擾容限較低,邏輯地電位的分布干擾容易影響PLC的邏輯運算和數(shù)據(jù)存儲,造成數(shù)據(jù)混亂、程序跑飛或死機。模擬地電位的分布將導(dǎo)致測量精度下降,引起對信號測控的嚴重失真和誤動作。
安全地或電源接地:將電源線接地端和柜體連線接地為安全接地。如電源漏電或柜體帶電,可從安全接地導(dǎo)入地下,不會對人造成傷害。
系統(tǒng)接地:PLC控制器為了與所控的各個設(shè)備同電位而接地,叫系統(tǒng)接地。接地電阻值不得大于4Ω,一般需將PLC設(shè)備系統(tǒng)地和控制柜內(nèi)開關(guān)電源負端接在一起,作為控制系統(tǒng)地。
信號與屏蔽接地:一般要求信號線必須要有惟一的參考地即“單點接地”,屏蔽電纜遇到有可能產(chǎn)生傳導(dǎo)干擾的場合,也要在就地或者控制室唯一接地,防止形成“地環(huán)路”。
信號源接地時,屏蔽層應(yīng)在信號側(cè)接地;不接地時,應(yīng)在PLC側(cè)接地;信號線中間有接頭時,屏蔽
層應(yīng)牢固連接并進行絕緣處理,一定要避免多點接地;多個測點信號的屏蔽雙絞線與多芯對絞總屏蔽電纜連接時,各屏蔽層應(yīng)相互連接好,并經(jīng)絕緣處理,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕拥靥巻吸c接點。
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